Landscape

The AI risk landscape

A maintained map of the field: the standards and regulations that set the rules, the insurance products that transfer the risk, and the players building both. Organized by category and by jurisdiction, and refreshed as the market moves. For the assurance vendor landscape (evals, governance, observability, audit), see What Is AI Assurance?

Standards and regulations

Voluntary standards and frameworks you adopt, and binding regulations you must obey. Explained in The Standards Landscape Explained.

ISO/IEC 42001 AI Management System (AIMS) Standard
Standard Global published
NIST AI RMF AI Risk Management Framework
Framework United States active
EU AI Act EU Artificial Intelligence Act
Regulation European Union in force, key deadlines deferred (pending Official Journal publication)
EU AI Liability Directive EU AI Liability Directive (withdrawn)
Regulation European Union withdrawn
UK AI approach UK pro-innovation AI regulation approach
Guidance United Kingdom active, non-statutory
AI Verify Singapore AI Verify
Framework Singapore active, voluntary
Guidance for AI Adoption (AI6) Australia's Guidance for AI Adoption
Guidance Australia and New Zealand active, voluntary
APRA CPS 230 APRA Prudential Standard CPS 230, Operational Risk Management
Regulation Australia and New Zealand effective 1 July 2025
NZ AI Strategy New Zealand's Strategy for Artificial Intelligence: Investing with Confidence
Guidance Australia and New Zealand active, non-prescriptive

AI insurance products

AI-specific cover and the structures emerging to provide it. Explained in What Is AI Insurance?

aiSure Munich Re
Parametric up to USD 15 million (via the February 2026 Mosaic partnership for AI vendors)
AI Liability Policy Armilla AI (Lloyd’s coverholder)
Indemnity limits up to USD 25 million per organization (expanded January 2026)
Vanguard AI Chaucer + Armilla AI
Indemnity USD 25M+ dedicated AI aggregate plus USD 10M cyber
AI agent insurance (AIUC-1 backed) AIUC (Artificial Intelligence Underwriting Company), with ElevenLabs
Embedded up to ~USD 50 million per loss
AI Insurance Vouch
Indemnity
Affirmative-AI cyber program Google Cloud, with Beazley, Chubb, and Munich Re
Endorsement

By jurisdiction

The same standards and regulations, organized by where they apply.

Global

European Union

United States

United Kingdom

Singapore

Australia and New Zealand